What test evaluates for a syndesmosis ankle sprain?
The fibular compression test, or squeeze test, is used if a syndesmotic or fibular injury is suspected. To perform the squeeze test, place the thumb on the tibia and the fingers on the fibula at the midpoint of the lower leg; then squeeze the tibia and fibula together.
What is a positive squeeze test?
To perform the squeeze test, place a heel of each hand just proximal to the midpoint of the calf, and compress the tibia and fibula by squeezing in an anteromedial to posterolateral direction. A positive test is marked by reproduction of pain in the distal syndesmosis, just above the ankle joint.
What is Kleiger’s test?
Kleiger’s test or external rotation is used for the diagnosis of a medial ankle sprain, to assess the deltoid ligament sprain and inferior tibiofibular syndesmotic sprain.
What is Syndesmotic injury?
The term syndesmotic injury is used to describe a lesion of the ligaments that connect the distal fibula and the tibial notch surrounded on both sides by the anterior and posterior tibial tubercles, with or without an associated injury of the deltoid ligament.
What is Syndesmotic sprain?
A syndesmotic, or ‘high’ ankle sprain is one that involves the ligaments binding the distal tibia and fibula at the Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis. Injuries can occur with any ankle motion, but the most common motions are extreme external rotation or dorsiflexion of the Talus.
What is a positive cotton test?
A positive test is marked by increased motion relative to the uninvolved side and is indicative of a sprain of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis or the subtalar joint.
What is squeeze test?
Squeeze test is another test to identify a tibiofibular syndesmosis. It is also a pain provocation test. The patient is in a supine position while the clinician grasps the leg of the patient, midway of the calf muscle on the affected limb, and perform compression with both hands.
